Abstract
The whole interconnected European network is involved in the energy transition towards power systems based on renewable power electronics interfaced generation. In this context, the major concerns for both network planning and operation are the inertia reduction and the frequency control due to the progressive decommissioning of thermal power plants with synchronous generators. This paper investigates the impact of different frequency control constraints on the unit commitment of power plants resulting from market simulations. The market outputs are compared in terms of system costs, and of frequency stability performance evaluated on the basis of the rate of change of frequency and the maximum frequency excursion. The best compromise solution is found using a multiple-criteria decision analysis method, depending on the choice of the decision maker’s weighting factors. The proposed approach is tested on a real case taken from one of the most relevant future scenarios of the Italian transmission system operator. The results show how the best compromise solution that can be found depends on the decision maker preference towards cost-based or frequency stability-based criteria.
Highlights
IN 2014 the European countries agreed on the renewable energy target of providing at least 27% of their final energy consumption from renewable energy sources (RES), by 2030, as dictated by the European Union’s energy and climate goals for 2030
Five criteria to be minimized are considered: a) ROCOF!"%, the value of ROCOF occurring in 95% of the cases with violations compared to a predefined system ROCOF threshold; b) Δf!"#$%&'% = f! − f!"#$%&'%, the difference between the nominal frequency and the value of frequency nadir occurring in 95% of the cases with violations compared to a predefined system frequency nadir threshold; c) χ!"#, the ratio between the socio-economic welfare (SEW) calculated in the constrained alternative and in the base case; d) χ!"!, the ratio between the cost of CO2 calculated in the constrained alternative and in the base case; e) χ!"#$, the ratio between the cost of fuel calculated in the constrained alternative and in the base case
Multiple frequency constraints have been implemented in a real case study from the Italian Transmission System Operator (TSO) and evaluated in a technical economic view, analyzing costs and dynamic performance, with a total of eight different alternatives that can be implemented and interpreted for practical scopes
Summary
IN 2014 the European countries agreed on the renewable energy target of providing at least 27% of their final energy consumption from renewable energy sources (RES), by 2030, as dictated by the European Union’s energy and climate goals for 2030. The main challenge is related to the identification of a minimum allowable penetration level of synchronous generation in the system [10] This limit has effective implications both on the renewable energy and economic targets, as it can result in renewable energy sources curtailment, or extra costs for running conventional synchronous plants. This paper investigates the impact of different frequency control constraints on the unit commitment of power plants, proposing a methodology to apply in the conventional economic dispatch algorithm currently used by the power system utilities.
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