Abstract
Abstract THE practical importance of tear resistance is so well recognized that numerous tear tests have been proposed (4); all of them are empirical and each gives results which differ, usually in unpredictable ways, from all others. However, with all their imperfections the common tear tests give information about rubber compounds that cannot be obtained by any other means. They have been used extensively to study the effects of pigments on rubber, particularly in trying to determine why gas black greatly improves tear resistance while other pigments, such as clay and whiting, reduce it. Unfortunately, many workers did not even recognize that gas black causes a different kind of tear from that found with other pigments. This is not true of Talaly (5) and Kirchhof (3) who recently published data on the knotty tear of gas black and latex stocks. The theoretical importance of tear tests has been almost totally ignored in spite of the fact that some tests, such as hand tear, are particularly sensitive to the structural changes that occur during cure, and almost all of the tests are sensitive to the effects of pigments on the structure of the rubber. A satisfactory theory of tear testing would not only lead to increased precision in practical tear tests, but there is every reason to believe that it would also yield a better understanding of the structures present in rubber.
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