Abstract
Integrating creativity in knowledge management perspectives, the present study theoretically and empirically analyzes both internal and external collaborations and their effect on individual creativity. Furthermore, this article highlights the importance of multilevel-frameworks when evaluating knowledge exchange processes and their influence on individual creativity. I hypothesize that internal and external collaborations are more likely to enhance creativity when teamwork quality within the team is high. Using data from 465 scientists, engineers, and developers working in R&D departments, I test the direct and moderating effects. The results show that external collaboration has a positive effect on individual creativity. Internal collaboration had a positive effect on individual creativity only in combination with high teamwork quality. Surprisingly, the interaction of teamwork quality and external collaboration on creativity turned out to be negative. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
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