Teaching Spasticity and Weakness from a Dynamic Systems Perspective

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to discuss how concepts from the Dynamical Systems Theory and the Nagi Disablement model provide useful frameworks to guide physical therapy students in the examination and management of patients with neurological dysfunction. A process of systematic testing is presented using a hypothesis driven approach to assist students in uncovering the relationship between functional limitations and the key underlying impairments. Differential diagnosis of motor control impairments is emphasized with special attention given to impairments of tone and force production. A method of determining the role and relative importance that spasticity plays in impairing function in patients with neurological dysfunction is discussed. The process as described is used as a method to more efficiently progress the novice clinician to reach conclusions that will lead to effective treatment intervention.