Teaching psychology as a science in Italy

Abstract

Teaching of psychology as a science in Italy has developed steadily over the last few decades. University programs have experienced growth and psychology programs in some secondary schools and in teacher training programs may be better developed than those in other countries. Italian secondary school programs last for 5 years, and psychology is taught every year for both semesters. A postgraduate course, which includes training in psychology, is now mandatory for all public school teachers in Italy, as well. The first level of university education in psychology now corresponds to “Class 34”, Psychological Sciences and Techniques, and includes courses such as: Behaviour and Social Relation Sciences; Clinical and Community Sciences; and Techniques and Psychology of Educational Relations. Each course contains different aspects of a fixed national curriculum. All share a general scientific focus and teach practical abilities in specific areas of psychology. Two types of degrees are possible for undergraduates. A 3‐year degree qualifies students to practice as a “psychological assistant” in a restricted range of areas. A 3‐year degree followed by an additional 2 years of study allows the graduate to practise as a psychologist. Graduate programs then provide specific specialization focus. At present there are over 500 psychology faculty members in Italian universities. Goals of university psychology programs are to facilitate student mastery of the wealth of information in the discipline and to prepare competent psychologists. The lecture is a common teaching method. In the last decade, many teachers have also adopted more active learning methods. Discussions of assigned readings are used. In addition, students engage in guided practice activities, conduct library research, participate in empirical studies, and write in‐depth papers on various aspects of psychology. Course grades are generally determined by written tests that include both multiple‐choice and free‐response items. Field placement is typically evaluated through written reports and practical exercises.