Abstract
This article discusses various aspects of a course on cyber-physical systems (CPS) in the educational programs of defense organizations. CPS are engineered systems that are built from, and depend upon, the seamless integration of computational algorithms and physical components. The article also highlights various objectives of the CPS course. A central challenge to deploying resilient CPSs involves the appreciation for the multi-disciplinary challenges and the lack of a unified framework for CPS analysis, design and implementation. A significant part of the course focuses on a case study in industrial control of a Vinyl Acetate (VAc) chemical plant. The course described herein presents fundamental concepts within the rapidly expanding field of CPS and has been tailored to and is well received by U.S. Naval Academy Systems Engineering senior level engineering students. The U.S. Naval Academy thrust in cyber security studies includes a new major, Cyber Sciences, and construction of a new facility, Hopper Hall, to house the assembled multi-disciplinary teaching and research team.
Highlights
TO CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMSAs de¿ned by the National Science Foundation, “Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are engineered systems that are built from, and depend upon, the seamless integration of computational algorithms and physical components” [1]
The President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology assesses that cyber-physical systems “are a national priority for Federal R&D
The Editorial of the Editor in Chief of IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control special issue on CPS states that “7KHFRQWURORI Cyber-Physical Systems presents enormous challenges and requires approaches drawn from Systems and Control, such as those in traditional control, hybrid control systems, discrete event systems, networked control, and approaches drawn from Computer 6FLHQFHVXFKDVDEVWUDFWLRQDQGYHUL¿FDWLRQ1HWZRUNVDQGPDQ\ RWKHUDUHDVGHSHQGLQJRQWKHDSSOLFDWLRQVRILQWHUHVW7KHODUJH scale and heterogeneity of components in CPS introduce grand research challenges
Summary
As de¿ned by the National Science Foundation, “Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are engineered systems that are built from, and depend upon, the seamless integration of computational algorithms and physical components” [1]. The emergence of CPS systems composed of comple[ computer architectures, operating systems, middle-ware, communications networks and protocols and cyber intrusions require new hybrid continuous-time and discrete-event-driven mathematical formalisms [], [1]. A central challenge to deploying resilient CPSs involves the appreciation for the multi-disciplinary challenges and the lack of a uni¿ed framework for CPS analysis, design and implementation [22] At this point, students embark on a two-day in-class e[ercise to learn from Prof. Fault-recovery systems that incorporate special procedures, such as retrying a failed operation These ideas are e[plored through the e[amples from computer networking, including token passing rings such as the ANSI ;3 family of Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) network speci¿cations which support both fault-masking and fault-recovery capabilities. The evolution of Ethernet from a linear bus to a switch-based star topology and the emergence of real-time Ethernet is investigated in various use cases including industrial control shipboard machinery control systems [25]
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