Abstract
The imbalance between cell proliferation and apoptosis can lead to tumor progression, causing oncogenic transformation, abnormal cell proliferation and cell apoptosis suppression. Tea polysaccharide (TPS) is the major bioactive component in green tea, it has showed antioxidant, antitumor and anti-inflammatory bioactivities. In this study, the chemoprophylaxis effects of TPS on colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis, especially the cell apoptosis activation and inhibition effects on cell proliferation and invasion were analyzed. The azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS) was used to induce the colorectal carcinogenesis in mice. Results showed that the tumor incidence was reduced in TPS-treated AOM/DSS mice compared to AOM/DSS mice. TUNEL staining and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry staining showed that the TPS treatment increased significantly the cell apoptosis and decreased cell proliferation among AOM/DSS mice. Furthermore, TPS reduced the expression levels of the cell cycle protein cyclin D1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, and MMP-9. In addition, in vitro studies showed that TPS, suppressed the proliferation and invasion of the mouse colon cancer cells. Overall, our findings demonstrated that TPS could be a potential agent in the treatment and/or prevention of colon tumor, which promoted the apoptosis and suppressed the proliferation and invasion of the mouse colon cancer cells via arresting cell cycle progression.
Highlights
The genetic mutations, chronic inflammation cases, epigenetic changes, poor diet and sedentary lifestyle are the key risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC) [1]
The treatment with 200 mg/kg Tea polysaccharides (TPS) resulted in a reduction of the tumor incidence in azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS))-treated mice (p < 0.05), suggesting that TPS showed outstanding antitumor activity in the AOM/DSS-treated mice
Reports on the TPS extracted from tea leaves have been on an upward trend [22,23]
Summary
The genetic mutations, chronic inflammation cases, epigenetic changes, poor diet and sedentary lifestyle are the key risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC) [1]. During the past two decades, it has been shown that Camellia sinensis L.O. Kuntze possesses various beneficial effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anticoagulation, anti-HIV and immune-enhancing activity. Tea polysaccharides (TPS), as one of the major active ingredients of tea tree (Camellia sinensis L.O. Kuntze), have attracted a great deal of attention because of their various biological activities, such as antitumor, immunomodulation, antioxidant, anti-diabetes, radioprotection, and hepatoprotection [7,8,9,10]. Wei et al reported that the polysaccharides from tea seeds suppressed the growth of K562 cells [14]. He et al found the inhibitory effect of selenium-containing TPS on a breast cancer cell line, MCF-7 [15]
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