Tea Polyphenols Reduce Inflammation of Orbital Fibroblasts in Graves’ Ophthalmopathy via the NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathway

Abstract

ObjectiveThis study aimed to explore the effects of tea polyphenols (TP) on inflammation of orbital fibroblasts in Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO) and to provide new ideas for GO treatment.MethodsPrimary orbital fibroblasts were extracted from orbital adipose/connective tissues of patients with and without GO. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 in non-GO and GO orbital fibroblasts. The CCK-8 assay was used to determine the appropriate concentration of TP for subsequent experiments. RT-qPCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to investigate the effects of TP on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of inflammatory cytokines. Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) expression was measured using Western blotting analysis. NOD-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) expression was detected using both Western blotting analysis and immunofluorescence staining.ResultsThe mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1 in GO orbital fibroblasts were significantly higher than those in non-GO cells. TP treatment significantly inhibited LPS-induced production of inflammatory factors, including IL-6, IL-1β, and MCP-1. TP also inhibited the expression levels of NF-κB and NLRP3. Inflammation in the GO orbital fibroblasts was higher than that in non-GO cells. TP inhibited the production of inflammatory cytokines in GO orbital fibroblasts in vitro through the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.ConclusionThese findings suggest that TP may have a potential role in GO treatment.