Abstract
Recent studies have shown that tea consumption is associated with the reduced incidence of some types of cancer, possibly including biliary tract cancer. However, the epidemiological evidences for the association with risk of biliary tract cancer are contradictory. Thus, we performed meta-analysis of published observational studies to assess the association between tea consumption and risk of biliary tract cancer. Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and ISI Web of Science published before October 2016. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the quality of included studies, and publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots, and Begg's and Egger's tests. This meta-analysis includes eight studies comprising 18 independent reports. The incidence of biliary tract cancer reduced about 34% (significantly) for tea intake group in comparison with never intake group (summary odds ratio [OR] = 0.66; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.48–0.85). Additionally, an inverse relationship between tea intake and risk of biliary tract cancer was statistically significant in women (OR = 0.65; 95 % CI = 0.47–0.83), but not in men (OR = 0.86; 95% CI = 0.58–1.13). Dose– response analysis indicated that the risk of biliary tract cancer decreased by 4% with each additional cup of tea one day (relative risk [RR] = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.93–0.98, p = 0.001). In summary, tea intake is associated with decreased risk of biliary tract cancer, especially for women.
Highlights
Biliary tract cancer, including gallbladder cancer (GC), extra hepatic bile ducts cancer (EXHBDC) and ampulla of Vater cancer (VOA) [1], is relatively rare, highly malignant, and has a high mortality rate
We found that tea intake was associated with a reduced incidence of biliary tract cancer (Figure 2)
We found that tea intake was associated with a significantly lower risk of EXHBDC (OR = 0.80, 95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 0.71–0.89; I2 = 0.3%, p = 0.404) (Table 1)
Summary
Biliary tract cancer, including gallbladder cancer (GC), extra hepatic bile ducts cancer (EXHBDC) and ampulla of Vater cancer (VOA) [1], is relatively rare, highly malignant, and has a high mortality rate. A few risk factors have been identified, including gallstone disease, primary sclerosing cholangitis, and biliary tract infection [5,6,7,8,9]. Some studies have reported other possible risk factors for biliary tract cancer, including parity or age at first birth [10], diabetes [11],obesity [12], smoking [13], medical conditions, and family history of cancer [14]. The relationship between diet, especially tea, and biliary tract cancer is not yet well understood
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