Abstract
LiTCTP is a toxin from the Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein (TCTP) family identified in Loxosceles brown spider venoms. These proteins are known as histamine-releasing factors (HRF). TCTPs participate in allergic and anaphylactic reactions, which suggest their potential role as therapeutic targets. The histaminergic effect of TCTP is related to its pro-inflammatory functions. An initial characterization of LiTCTP in animal models showed that this toxin can increase the microvascular permeability of skin vessels and induce paw edema in a dose-dependent manner. We evaluated the role of LiTCTP in vitro and in vivo in the inflammatory and allergic aspects that undergo the biological responses observed in Loxoscelism, the clinical condition after an accident with Loxosceles spiders. Our results showed LiTCTP recombinant toxin (LiRecTCTP) as an essential synergistic factor for the dermonecrotic toxin actions (LiRecDT1, known as the main toxin in the pathophysiology of Loxoscelism), revealing its contribution to the exacerbated inflammatory response clinically observed in envenomated patients.
Highlights
LiTCTP is a protein from the Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein (TCTP) family that was found in the Loxosceles intermedia brown spider venom, initially in a cDNA library of the L. intermedia venom gland and confirmed in the transcriptome analysis of the venom gland [1,2]
The presence of histamine in the envenomation site of Loxoscelism can cause edema and endothelial changes such as increased vascular permeability and vasodilation, which contribute to the systemic dispersion of venom components and exacerbate the inflammatory response triggered by the bite [7,8]
It has already been shown that L. intermedia venom increases vascular permeability and induces vascular relaxation in rats [29] and that these effects are related to the ability of venom to degranulate mast cells and release mediators such as histamine [11]
Summary
LiTCTP is a protein from the Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein (TCTP) family that was found in the Loxosceles intermedia brown spider venom, initially in a cDNA library of the L. intermedia venom gland and confirmed in the transcriptome analysis of the venom gland [1,2]. It represented only 0.4% of the toxin-related transcripts, it was positively identified by immunodetection in the whole venom of different Loxosceles species (L. intermedia, L. gaucho, and L. laeta) [3], which indicates its biological conservation and importance.
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