Abstract
Alleviating traffic congestion is one of the main challenges for the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) in smart cities. Many congestion pricing systems have been proposed recently. However, most of them focus on punishing the vehicles that use certain roads during peak hours, neglecting the proven fact that rewards can encourage drivers to follow the rules. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a new congestion pricing system based on reward and punishment policies for the IoV in a smart city environment, where the vehicles are rewarded for voluntarily choosing to take an alternative path to alleviate traffic congestion. The proposed system is implemented using vehicular ad hoc networks, which eliminate the need for installing a costly electronic toll collection system. We propose a new virtual currency called T-Coin (traffic coin), that is used to reward the vehicles for their positive attitude. T-Coin is also used in the tender between vehicles to manage the road reservation process. The proposed system uses dynamic pricing to adapt to peak-hour traffic congestion. Using simulated traffic on a real map of Beijing city, we prove the usefulness of T-Coin as a traffic congestion pricing system.
Highlights
According to a recent urban transportation report, in the USA, the economic loss caused by traffic congestion in terms of both fuel consumption and travel time delay was estimated at USD $121 billion in 2011 and is expected to reach USD $199 billion by 2020 [1]
We propose a new congestion pricing system based on reward and punishment policies, where the vehicles are rewarded for voluntarily choosing to take an alternative path to alleviate the traffic congestion
Using simulated traffic on a real map of Beijing city, we have proven the usefulness of T-Coin as a traffic congestion pricing system
Summary
According to a recent urban transportation report, in the USA, the economic loss caused by traffic congestion in terms of both fuel consumption and travel time delay was estimated at USD $121 billion in 2011 and is expected to reach USD $199 billion by 2020 [1]. Many other cities wanted to introduce a congestion pricing system, but they failed to do so as a result of the lack of public support, and political acceptability, that is, because they have focused on punishing vehicles that use certain roads during peak hours [7]. We propose a new congestion pricing system based on reward and punishment policies, where the vehicles are rewarded for voluntarily choosing to take an alternative path to alleviate the traffic congestion. We propose a traffic control system that is based on road reservations, and the proposed system ensures that the congestion never takes place; T-Coin is based on reward and punishment to encourage the drivers to take alternative paths that could alleviate traffic congestion; The path reservation can be traded among vehicles through a tender process, which prioritizes urgent path requests;. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows: In Section 2, we present previous related works on congestion pricing and traffic optimization; in Section 3, we explain the main rules of the proposed system; in Section 4, the modeling details of the proposed system are presented; Section 5 presents the performance evaluation and simulation details; whereas in Section 6, the result of the simulation is analyzed; and in Section 7, we conclude the paper and give some future directions
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