TCO-free quantum dot light-emitting diodes based on PEDOT:PSS electrode treated with mild acid

Abstract

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) has emerged as a promising candidate for high-cost transparent conductive oxide (TCO) electrodes. However, achieving high conductivity in PEDOT:PSS typically requires treatment with strong acids, which presents inherent risks. In this study, we propose an alternative approach utilizing a mild methane sulfonic acid (MSA) treatment for PEDOT:PSS as a transparent conductive electrode (TCE). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analyses unveil heightened phase separation between PEDOT and PSS by MSA treatment, accompanied by structural modifications in PEDOT. Moreover, the interfacial morphology between the MSA-treated electrode and the hole injection layer underwent significant changes. It is precisely this improved interface morphology, combined with enhanced conductivity, that significantly improves the efficiency of the obtained TCO-free blue quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) by 300 % compared to the reference device. Finally, leveraging the high performance of the TCO-free blue QLEDs, we fabricate the above device on a yellow-emissive phosphors-in-glass substrate, enabling a white light-emitting LED (WLED) device. This experiment not only elucidates the structural changes in PEDOT:PSS under mild acid treatment but also introduces an innovative strategy for developing high-performance PEDOT:PSS electrodes.