Técnicas locorregionales para analgesia perioperatoria en anestesia pediátrica: estudio en 116 pacientes

Abstract

Pain control is essential to patient comfort and reduced stress response, morbidity, and mortality after pediatric anesthesia. We assessed analgesic quality and the incidence of complications of regional blocks in combination with general anesthesia. Prospective study of 116 patients under 3 years of age who underwent surgery in our hospital over a period of 2 years. The studied patients were classified in 3 groups according to whether they received general anesthesia only, a regional block by single injection, or a caudal nerve block via catheter. We recorded demographic and intraoperative variables, postoperative analgesic requirements, and the time the first postoperative analgesic dose was needed. Analgesia was significantly more effective in the patients who received either type of regional block. The patients who received general anesthesia alone needed supplemental analgesia earlier than the others (P < .001); patients with nerve blocks required fewer doses of rescue analgesics (P < .001). The incidence of complications was low and all were minor. No case of caudal catheter contamination occurred. Regional nerve blocks combined with general anesthesia in children are effective and safe. Advantages of providing nerve blocks include hemodynamic stability, prolonged postoperative analgesia, lower consumption of analgesics, and few complications.