Técnicas em cirurgia bariátrica: uma revisão da literatura

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity is a chronic medical condition of multifactorial etiology whose failure in clinical and therapeutic treatment leads to the need of more effective intervention, the surgical procedure. The bariatric surgeries may only change the stomach in order to reduce the space for the food and promote the feeling of fullness, or in addition may change the small intestine, in order to place a decrease in absorption of nutrients. Objective: To review the intervention techniques in bariatric surgery, in order to understand the reasons why surgeons choose a specific technique. Materials and Methods: We conducted an exploratory study trough a bibliographic review in SciELO, LILACS, PubMed and BIREME databases, under the following indexes: bariatric surgery techniques, biliopancreatic diversion, vertical banded gastroplasty, adjustable gastric band, vertical gastrectomy, gastric bypass surgery, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy with duodenal switch. Results: From 66 references related to techniques in bariatric surgery analyzed, 40 were selected among bibliographic work chapters, consensus, systematic reviews, meta-analysis, randomized and controlled clinical trials. We reviewed the surgical techniques for the treatment of obesity classified as restrictive, predominantly restrictive and poorly absorptive. Conclusions: Currently, different surgical techniques in the treatment of obesity are recognized and recommended worldwide. The surgeon´s choice for a technique will be based on information about its mechanism, performance and risks that can be found on relevant scientific publications.