Abstract
Triticum boeoticum Boiss (AbAb, 2n = 2x = 14) is one of the sources of the blue grain trait controlled by blue aleurone layer 2 (Ba2). However, the underlying genes have not been cloned. In this study, a transcriptomic comparison between a blue-grained wheat-T. boeoticum substitution line and its wheat parent identified 41 unigenes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis and 29 unigenes related to transport. The bHLH transcription factor gene TbMYC4A showed a higher expression level in the blue-grained substitution line. TbMYC4A contained the three characteristic bHLH transcription factor domains (bHLH-MYC_N, HLH and ACT-like) and clustered with genes identified from other wheat lines with the blue grain trait derived from other Triticeae species. TbMYC4A overexpression confirmed that it was a functional bHLH transcription factor. The analysis of a TbMYC4A-specific marker showed that the gene was also present in T. boeoticum and T. monococcum with blue aleurone but absent in other Triticeae materials with white aleurone. These results indicate that TbMYC4A is a candidate gene of Ba2 controlling the blue aleurone trait. The isolation of TbMYC4A is helpful for further clarifying the genetic mechanism of the blue aleurone trait and is of great significance for breeding blue-grained wheat varieties.
Highlights
Colored-grain wheat is regarded as an ideal food for human health and has attracted increasing interest from both food manufacturers and researchers
Since the homolog of TbMYC4A in wheat is localized on the D genome, no product were amplified in T. urartu (AuAu), and T. turgidum (AABB), but fragments of the same size as Crocus were amplified in T. araraticum (AtAtGG), and T. zhukovskyi (AAAtAtGG), which contains the G genome (Figure 5B)
77 genes related to anthocyanin biosynthesis were screened in an 4E additional line of common wheat-Th. ponticum, of which only eight genes were up-regulated in expression in blue paste-powder layer material, including five bHLH transcription factors and
Summary
Colored-grain wheat is regarded as an ideal food for human health and has attracted increasing interest from both food manufacturers and researchers. Unlike purple-grained wheat, which stores anthocyanins in the seed coat, blue-grained wheat shows anthocyanin accumulation in the aleurone layer (AbdelAal and Hucl, 2003, Abdel-Aal et al, 2006). Anthocyanins are an important component of the human diet and are widely distributed in vegetables and fruits. They plan an important role in human health as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer and antidiabetic agents (Shipp and Abdel-Aal, 2010). Delphinidin is the major anthocyanidin in blue-grained wheat (Trojan et al, 2014)
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