Abstract
Exporting is crucial to a country's trade performance in terms of increasing its foreign exchange reserves and improving the terms of trade. At the firm-level too, exporting serves significant purpose by enhancing sustainability, profitability, and competitive position of firms in long-run. Hence, it is crucial to access the impact of exporting on the performance of such firms. Several measures, most of them multi-dimensional in nature, have been used to capture the construct of firm-level export performance. Past studies have used both absolute numbers as well as performance ratings as a part of measuring firms' export performance. It is also revealed that export performance being a multi-dimensional phenomenon is best represented by the use of certain key dimensions explaining the firms' performance in international markets. Research in this field is still evolving and paving way for further enrichment of its theoretical background. Assimilating the important work in this field, the paper highlights some key trends in measurement of firm-level export performance.
Highlights
Introduction earlier work in this field, the current study aims to review the published empirical work in this field to throw light on usage of various measures of export performance at the firm-level
Despite of various export performance measures mentioned in the literature, few selected ones that are frequently utilized include export intensity [8], export sales growth [1,10,11], export profitability [9], export market share [12], and satisfaction with the export venture [13]
The literature on measurement of firm-level export performance needs to be segregated on the basis of the way they are captured by the researchers
Summary
Export performance of firm constitutes an important stream of research in international business. In the current scenario, going global is essential for accelerating the growth and profitability of individual firms and enabling them to achieve sustained competitive advantages. This has led to a recent surge in the field of studies aimed at explaining firm-level export performance and the forces influencing it. Several meta-analyses have highlighted the advances in this field e.g., Madsen [1], Aaby and Slater [2], Chetty and Hamilton [3], Leonidou and Katsikeas [4], Leonidou, Katsikeas, and Samiee [5], Zou and Stan [6], etc These reviews have categorized several operational measures of firm-level export performance focusing on the key management areas viz.
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