Abstract
Freshwater systems are among the most threatened habitats in the world and the biodiversity inhabiting them is disappearing quickly. The Hawaiian Archipelago has a small but highly endemic and threatened group of freshwater snails, with eight species in three families (Neritidae, Lymnaeidae, and Cochliopidae). Anthropogenically mediated habitat modifications (i.e., changes in land and water use) and invasive species (e.g., Euglandina spp., non-native sciomyzids) are among the biggest threats to freshwater snails in Hawaii. Currently, only three species are protected either federally (U.S. Endangered Species Act; Erinna newcombi) or by Hawaii State legislation (Neritona granosa, and Neripteron vespertinum). Here, we review the taxonomic and conservation status of Hawaii’s freshwater snails and describe historical and contemporary impacts to their habitats. We conclude by recommending some basic actions that are needed immediately to conserve these species. Without a full understanding of these species’ identities, distributions, habitat requirements, and threats, many will not survive the next decade, and we will have irretrievably lost more of the unique books from the evolutionary library of life on Earth.
Highlights
Freshwater ecosystems are negatively impacted by anthropogenic threats and almost one in three freshwater species is threatened with extinction [1]
Except for Erinna newcombi, which is listed as threatened under the US Endangered Species Act [43] and as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List [44], none of the Hawaiian lymnaeids has been assessed for their conservation status
Except for Erinna newcombi, which is liste4dofa1s2 threatened under the US Endangered Species Act [43] and as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List [44], none of the Hawaiian lymnaeids has been assessed for their conservation status
Summary
Freshwater ecosystems are negatively impacted by anthropogenic threats and almost one in three freshwater species is threatened with extinction [1]. Except for Erinna newcombi, which is listed as threatened under the US Endangered Species Act [43] and as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List [44], none of the Hawaiian lymnaeids has been assessed for their conservation status. Except for Erinna newcombi, which is liste4dofa1s2 threatened under the US Endangered Species Act [43] and as vulnerable on the IUCN Red List [44], none of the Hawaiian lymnaeids has been assessed for their conservation status. AItssinstdaitguesnaosusinidnigtheneoHuaswinaitihane HIsalawnadisiahnasIsolannlydsrehceanstloynblyeernecseunptplyorbteedenthsruopupgohretexdamthinroautigohn oefxsaumbifnoastsiiolnmoaftesruiablfforsosmil mpaalteeoreianlvfirroomnmpeanletaoleinnvviersotnigmaetinotnasl [in45v,e4s7t–ig4a9t]i.oLnisttl[e45is,4k7n–4o9w].nLaibttoleutisthkisnospwencieasboeucotlothgiys, sdpiestcriiebsuetcionlosg, yo,rdeivstorliubutitoinon, sa,nodr leikveolouthioenr, farensdhwlikaeteorthtaexrafrienshHwaawteariitiatxwa oinulHdabweanieifiit wfroumldmboednerfint fsruormvemysoadnedrnssturdviesysoaf nodthsetruadsiepsecotfsoothf ethr eaisrpbeicotlsoogfythtoeibr ebtitoelroagsysteossbtehtteeir acsosnessesrtvhaetironcosntaseturvs.ation status In addition to these indigenous species, Cowie [50] listed more than a dozen nonIn additionnattivoethspeseeciiensdoigf eanqouuasticspsencaiielss,iCn othweiefa[m50i]lielisstAedmmpuolrleartihidaanea, Bditohzyenniindoane-, Lymnaeidae, native speciesPohfyasiqduaaet,iPc lsannaoirlsbiidnaeth, eThfaiamriidliaees, AanmdpVuilvlaipraiirdidaea,eBthitahtyhnaivideabee, cLoymmeneasetaidbalies,hed in Hawaii Physidae, Plasninorcbeitdhaeei,r iTnhitiiaarlidhauem, aanndsetVtlievmipeanrtidaatehothuastanhdavoer sboeycoeamrse aegsota[b5l1is,5h2e]d. Ibneeanddinitiroondutocetdhobsyemspoedceierns lciostmedmbeyrcCe ofrwomie [t5h0e]mouidr-recent survey 19th century taontdhteapxorensoemntic[5a0s,s5e5s]s.mInenatdsdoiftionntrotoduthceodsespspeeciceiesshlaivsteedrevbeyaCleodwaitele[a5s0t] tohurere new species recent surveyoafnfrdesthawxoanteormsnicaials,setwssomlyenmtsnaoefidins tarnodduocneedpshpyescidie(sChharviseternesveenaeletdal.aut nlepausbt lished; Hayes three new speectieasl.oufnfrpeusbhlwisahteedr)s.nails, two lymnaeids and one physid (Christensen et al unpublished; Hayes et al unpublished)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
