Taxonomic status of Oryza glumaepatula Steud. I. Comparative morphological studies of New World diploids and Asian AA genome species

Abstract

This study was carried out to clarify the taxonomic status of the New World diploid wild rice species, Oryza glumaepatula. The morphological variation of 26 diploid rice accessions in the International Rice Genebank at IRRI from South America and Cuba was compared with that of O. rufipogon and O. nivara from Asia. The 28 morphological characters included 16 spikelet and grain, eight leaf and culm, and four panicle characters, and were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis. The first two principal components accounted for 53.6% of the total variation. The first component was characterized by leaf and sterile lemma characters, 5-panicle dry weight, and grain length, and the second by anther length and its ratio to grain length, grain width, thickness, and 20-hulled grain weight. The characters effectively differentiated the wild rices from Surinam, French Guiana, and the lower Amazon River basin in Brazil, which showed high negative scores along both axes, from other accessions from Venezuela, Colombia, and Cuba, and the Asian species. Most of the accessions from South America are quite distinct from O. rufipogon, with which they have often been grouped as a single species in some taxonomic treatments. Groupings obtained from cluster analysis corresponded closely with the results from PCA. This study supports a distinct taxonomic status of a group of diploid wild rices from South America as O. glumaepatula.