Abstract
Canthon (Peltecanthon) is revised in this work. The subgenus now includes four species: C. (P.) staigi (Pereira, 1953), C. (P.) haroldi nom. nov., C. (P.) splendidus Schmidt, 1922 and C. (P.) terciae sp. nov. All species occur in the Atlantic Forest. Maps, natural history information, specimen data and illustrations are provided.
Highlights
There are nine subgenera described in the genus Canthon Hoffmannsegg, 1817: Canthon s. str. (48 species); Glaphyrocanthon Martínez, 1948 (42 spp.); Peltecanthon Pereira, 1953 (3 spp.), Pseudepilissus Martínez, 1954 (14 spp.); Goniocanthon Pereira & Martínez, 1956 (3 spp.); Nesocanthon Pereira & Martínez, 1956 (3 spp.); Boreocanthon Halffter, 1958 (15 spp.); Francmonrosia Pereira & Martínez, 1959 (6 spp.); and Trichocanthon Pereira & Martínez, 1959 (1 sp.)
It included the following three described species: Canthon staigi (Pereira, 1953), which is the type species of the subgenus; the so-called ‘Canthon sulcatus Perty, 1830’, which was placed in the subgenus by Pereira (1953); and Canthon splendidus Schmidt, 1922, which was transferred under the erroneous name of ‘Canthon auricollis’ by Halffter & Martínez (1977) and later corrected by Vaz-de-Mello & Cupello (2018a)
There is a close external resemblance between the two subgenera (Peltecanthon and Goniocanthon), but we cannot conclude at this point whether this resemblance is due to morphological convergence or common ancestry
Summary
There are nine subgenera described in the genus Canthon Hoffmannsegg, 1817: Canthon s. str. (48 species); Glaphyrocanthon Martínez, 1948 (42 spp.); Peltecanthon Pereira, 1953 (3 spp.), Pseudepilissus Martínez, 1954 (14 spp.); Goniocanthon Pereira & Martínez, 1956 (3 spp.); Nesocanthon Pereira & Martínez, 1956 (3 spp.); Boreocanthon Halffter, 1958 (15 spp.); Francmonrosia Pereira & Martínez, 1959 (6 spp.); and Trichocanthon Pereira & Martínez, 1959 (1 sp.). 22 species do not have defined subgenera and are considered incertae sedis in the genus (Halffter & Martínez 1977; Cupello & Vaz-de-Mello 2018). The subgenus Peltecanthon was first described as a full genus and was later reduced to a subgenus of Canthon by Halffter & Martínez (1977). Important updates on the morphological delimitation and distribution of the species of Peltecanthon have provided new insights into the taxonomy of this subgenus (e.g., Ferreira-Neto et al 2017). With access to a new range of material related to these species, our objective was to conduct a taxonomic review of the subgenus Peltecanthon
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