Abstract
ABSTRACTAn ultrastructural investigation of the cell wall of Penium silvae‐nigrae Raban. and P. spinospermum Josh. showed that these species possess true pores with a pore apparatus and overlapping semi‐cell walls. It follows that these two taxa belong not to the Peniaceae, but to the Desmidiaceae sensu stricto; they are referred to the genus Actinotaenium Teil. on account of the shape of their cells and chloroplasts. Two other species previously included in Penium Bréb. are referred to Actinotaenium. Although their cell wall structure could not be studied, they are distinguished from “typical” representatives of Penium by the following photomicroscopically observable complex of features: (pseudo‐) girdle bands none, cell wall pores in longitudinal rows, zygospores not globose but of irregular shape. The following new combinations ensued: Actinotaenium borgeanum (Skuja), A. phymatosporum (Nordst.), A. silvae‐nigrae (Raban.), A. silvaenigrae var. parallelum (Krieger) and A. spinospermum (Josh.). In addition the diagnosis of the genus Penium was emended and P. margaritaceum (Ehr.) ex Bréb. was selected as the lectotype species. The family Gonatozy‐gaceae is merged into the Peniaceae on the basis of cell wall structure.
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