Abstract
Specimens of Sphaerotrichia in Japan can be classified into two morphotypes, based on their mode of branching and anatomy: (1) specimens that have an obvious (traceable) main axis associated with a relatively high number of first-order branches, and a relatively constant distance between branches; and (2) specimens that branch more or less divaricately, with shorter distances between branches in the distal portion. Molecular analyses of Sphaerotrichia from the North Atlantic and North Pacific using ribosomal RNA (ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 and intragenic spacer regions between 26S and 5S rDNA) and Rubisco (almost complete rbcL gene and the spacer between rbcL and rbcS) gene sequences revealed two major genetic groups, Group-1 and Group-2. The sequence length variation in ITS1 suggested subdivisions of Group-2 into two subgroups: Group-2Atlantic and Group-2Pacific. Specimens belonging to Group-1 were generally epilithic, and morphologically corresponded to S. firma. Specimens belonging to Group-2 were epiphytic or epilithic and morphologically corresponded to S. divaricata.
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