Abstract
Peperomia is a mega-diverse herbaceous genus with high species richness in the Neotropics, growing mainly as epiphyte or rupicolous/saxicolous. Fourteen subgenera are recognized based on molecular phylogenies. In this study, contributions to P. subg. Pseudocupula in Brazil are presented. During an ongoing taxonomic revision of P. pereskiifolia and allied taxa in Brazil, some incongruent circumscriptions were found which are discussed here. Peperomia pereirae f. pereirae is proposed as a new synonym of P. rubricaulis, and a new combination and status change of P. pereirae f. hirtulicaule to P. hirtulicaulis is presented. Finally, we confirm the occurrence of Peperomia tetragona in Brazil, which has frequently been misidentified in herbarium collections and overlooked in the country. Taxonomic discussion, color photographs, distributional maps and identification key are presented for the treated taxa.
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