Taxonomic Description and Genome Sequence of Christensenella intestinihominis sp. nov., a Novel Cholesterol-Lowering Bacterium Isolated From Human Gut.

Yuanqiang Zou,Shao-Wei Liu,Cheng-Hang Sun,Karsten Kristiansen,Liang Xiao,Mei Lv,Ying Dai,Guangwen Luo,Tongyuan Hu,Wenbin Xue,Xiaoqian Lin

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2021.632361

Abstract

A Gram-staining-negative, non-spore-forming, short, straight rod, non-motile, and obligate anaerobic bacterial strain, AF73-05CM02T, was isolated from a fecal sample of a 30 years old healthy male living in Shenzhen, China. Colonies were approximately 0.2 mm in diameter, beige, and circular after 4 days of incubation on PYG agar under anaerobic conditions at 37°C. Strain AF73-05CM02T grew in a temperature range between 30 and 42°C and a pH range from 6.0 to 8.5, with optimum growth at 37–42°C and pH 7.0. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that strain AF73-05CM02T belongs to the genus Christensenella and showed the highest level of sequence similarity (98.68%) with Christensenella minuta DSM 22607T. The predominant fatty acids of strain AF73-05CM02T were C10:0 (7.5%), iso-C11:0 (5.6%), C12:0 (7.2%), C14:0 (46.6%), iso-C15:0 (7.4%), C16:0 (9.7%), and C18:1 ω9c (6.9%). Acetic acid, formic acid, butyric acid, and lactic acid were the end products of glucose fermentation. The strain was negative for catalase, indole production, and hydrolysis of gelatin. Genomic relatedness analyses based on average nucleotide identity (ANI) indicated that strain AF73-05CM02T significantly differed from other species of the genus Christensenella, showing ANI values less than 82.89% with the phylogenetically closest species. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 52.07 mol% from the genome sequence, which differs from that of Christensenella minuta. Several physiological, biochemical, and genotypic properties differentiated the novel bacterial strain from the related species, indicating that the strain represents a new species of the genus Christensenella for which the name Christensenella intestinihominis sp. nov. is proposed, with strain AF73-05CM02T ( = CGMCC 1.5207T = DSM 103477T ) being the type strain. The following study explored the cholesterol-lowering function of strains AF73-05CM02T and Christensenella minuta DSM 22067T and revealed that the two strains exhibit the capacity for removing cholesterol with efficiency rates of 36.6 and 54.3% and produce exopolysaccharide of 234 and 271 mg/L, respectively.

Highlights

MATERIALS AND METHODSThe human gut is colonized by a large and complex community of microorganisms ranging from 1013 to 1014 microbial cells (Ventura, 2009; Ghosh, 2013), which is equivalent to 10 times the number of human cells (Bäckhed et al, 2005; Jeffery et al, 2016)
In the course of our ongoing investigation of the composition and diversity of the human gut microbiota using culturedependent methods, we conducted a culturomics study using a fecal sample collected from a healthy adult using a nutrientrich medium
Phylogenetic analysis based on the maximum-likelihood algorithm confirmed the clustering of strain AF73-05CM02T within the genus Christensenella and simultaneously formed a branch closest to C. minuta DSM 22607T (Figure 1)

Summary

Introduction

MATERIALS AND METHODSThe human gut is colonized by a large and complex community of microorganisms ranging from 1013 to 1014 microbial cells (Ventura, 2009; Ghosh, 2013), which is equivalent to 10 times the number of human cells (Bäckhed et al, 2005; Jeffery et al, 2016). Chemotaxonomic characteristics of strain AF73-05CM02T and the reference strain were performed by analyzing cellular fatty acids, cell wall composition, polar lipids, and quinones. The functional properties of strains AF73-05CM02T and C. minuta DSM 22607T were determined by investigating the production of EPS.

Results

Conclusion