Abstract
Simplicillium species are commonly found from soil, seawater, rock surface, decayed wood, air and as symbiotic, endophytic, entomopathogenic and mycoparasitic fungi. Minority insect-associated species was reported. Simplicillium coccinellidae, S. hymenopterorum, S. neolepidopterorum and S. scarabaeoidea were introduced as the newly insect-associated species. The phylogenetic analyses of two combined datasets (LSU + RPB1 + TEF and SSU + ITS + LSU) revealed that S. coccinellidae and S. hymenopterorum were both nested in an independent clade. S. neolepidopterorum and S. scarabaeoidea have a close relationship with S. formicidae and S. lepidopterorum, respectively. S. neolepidopterorum can be easily distinguished from S. formicidae by ellipsoidal to cylindrical, solitary conidia which occasionally gather in short imbricate chains. S. scarabaeoidea could be easily distinguished from S. lepodopterorum by having longer phialides and larger conidia. Based on the morphological and phylogenetic conclusion, we determine the four newly generated isolates as new species of Simplicillium and a new combination is proposed in the genus Leptobacillium.
Highlights
Simplicillium species have diverse ecology, but most species are known from few strains impeding to define their habitat and ecology accurately
The result of phylogenetic analysis of the combined dataset (SSU, large subunit ribosomal RNA (LSU), RNA polymerase II largest subunit 1 (RPB1), RPB2 and translation elongation factor alpha (TEF)) showed that Simplicillium species were all clustered in an independent group and as the most ancient lineage in the phylogenetic tree[41]
All Simplicillium species were clustered into a clade at the end of the tree (Fig. 1) based on the analysis of the concentrated dataset (LSU, RPB1 and TEF)
Summary
Based on the analysis of the combined dataset LSU + RPB1 + TEF and SSU + ITS + LSU, S. coccinellidae was nested in a separate group in both phylogenetic trees. Notes: Based on the analysis of the combined dataset LSU + RPB1 + TEF and SSU + ITS + LSU, S. hymenopterorum was nested in a separate group in two phylogenetic trees. On dead insect (Lepidoptera), 1 October 2019, Wanhao Chen, DY10139 (GZAC DY10139, holotype), was deposited at the Institute of Fungus Resources, Guizhou University (formally Herbarium of Guizhou Agricultural College; code, GZAC), Guiyang City, Guizhou, China; ex-type living cultures, DY101391, DY101392.
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