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Abstract
In this paper, the development of the wind energy sector in 28 European Union countries in 2017 is described. By means of taxonomic methods—i.e., Ward’s method and the Wroclaw taxonomic methods—clusters of countries similar in terms of their potential and level of development of the wind energy sector in the EU are distinguished. The main purpose of the paper is to separate and cluster EU countries due to the current development potential of the wind energy sector and determinants stimulating the development of this sector. By means of the ranking methods of linear ordering (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution—TOPSIS method), a ranking of EU countries that defines their position in the development of this very important wind energy sector was determined. The results show that the research hypothesis of a great diversity of EU countries considering the development potential of the wind energy sector is justified. The countries of the former European Union, which have focused for a long time on the development of wind energy in their energy policy and have had favorable climate and natural conditions, as well as a large social acceptance of programs supporting the acquisition of energy from renewable sources, have primacy in the development ranking of the energy sector. Additionally, new members of the union, in spite of some delays associated with the development of “green” energy, are trying to increase their energy potential in this area. The research may be extended to include further analyses regarding other renewable energy sources and take into account other European and world countries.
Highlights
Large population growth and scientific and technical revolutions contribute to an increase in energy demand
The results show that the research hypothesis of a great diversity of EU countries considering the development potential of the wind energy sector is justified
The variables selected for research that characterize the level of development and potential of wind energy in the EU countries were subjected to the grouping procedure using the Wroclaw method
Summary
Large population growth and scientific and technical revolutions contribute to an increase in energy demand. The primary production of energy in the world reached 13.79 billion toe (tonnes of oil equivalent) in 2015. Between 2005 and 2015, the world primary production of energy increased by. This created new challenges for humanity related to the future of the energy sector. The main task is an introduction of countermeasures including both saving energy and replacing its traditional carriers with others that do not cause significant environmental degradation. Intensive works on the use of renewable energy sources (RES) were conducted. The primary production of energy in the EU-28 decreased from 862.9 Mtoe in 2007 to 758.2 Mtoe in
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