TAX POLICY OF THE MONGOL EMPIRE (1206-1405)

Abstract

Summary According to historical sources, property differences arose at a certain stage of human history, and taxes have been levied since the formation of class societies and states. Tax comes from the Greek word “Gift”, because, initially, citizens gave gifts to the government on a voluntary basis. As a result, the king believed that the citizens should pay taxes because he was serving the people, so the gift turned into a compulsory tribute, and taxes arose. For example, in the 12th-11th centuries BC, citizens began to pay taxes at the king’s expense. Today, taxes are defined as money that is collected from enterprises, organizations, and citizens, voluntarily or by force, and is transferred to the state budget. In the 10th and 18th centuries, when a state was formed in Mongolia, citizens began to pay tribute to the lords and authorities, and the foundation of taxation was laid. There is no one who can argue that taxes are the basis for the prosperity of the Mongolian state. That’s why it is said that “under the existence of the state there is the existence of taxes, and under the existence of taxes there is the existence of the state”. Researchers have considered the history of taxation in Mongolia in 5 stages. In this article, we have included a brief history of the development of taxes in Mongolia and the policies of the great kings of Mongolia regarding taxes.