Abstract
This paper examines tax incentive policies in geothermal industries in ASEAN to better understand the development of geothermal industry investment in the ASEAN Member States (AMS) using a qualitative method. The results indicate that tax incentive policies have supported the investment climate and the development of geothermal industries in the AMS. Geothermal investments and production capacities in AMS have increased significantly. AMS that provide geothermal tax incentives include Indonesia, Lao PDR, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam. The performance of geothermal tax incentive policies is reflected in the level of utilization of geothermal potential, which is higher in states that provide greater tax incentives. The results also indicate that geothermal power plants in AMS use dry steam, flash and binary cycle technologies with flash plants being the most common. Results suggest that the future development of geothermal energy in AMS will be related to the tax incentive policy and investment climate in those states. Furthermore, the granting of various types of tax incentives should be focused on the initial investment in geothermal development. ©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved
Highlights
The ASEAN region has grown into one of the most attractive to global investors (ASEAN Secretariat, 2018)
In 1980, Indonesia succeeded in building its first geothermal power plant project in Kamojang, West Java
The results of the study indicate that tax incentive policies have supported the investment climate and geothermal industry development in ASEAN Member States (AMS)
Summary
The ASEAN region has grown into one of the most attractive to global investors (ASEAN Secretariat, 2018). ASEAN Member States (AMS) offer attractive economic potential because they boast a large population base and rapid economic growth (Figure 1). In 2017, ASEAN economic growth reached 5.3%, higher than the global economic growth rate of 3.7% (International Monetary Fund, 2018). The rising population and rapid development of the ASEAN economy are driving energy demand, which is expected to grow by 3% per year from 2020. This region still relies heavily on fossil fuels, which collectively meet 80% of primary energy needs. By 2035, ASEAN will rely increasingly on imported fuel. This creates a threat to energy security in AMS (Senderov & Vorobev, 2018)
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