Abstract
We investigate 13,458 cross-border, tax-haven mergers and acquisitions (M&A) from 1990 to 2017, totaling $4.2 trillion in deal value. These M&A result in $32.9 billion in recurring annual tax avoidance. $2.4 trillion of haven M&A is beyond what is predicted based on a gravity model with economic fundamentals. Moreover, we improve the measurement of a key data item in tax research–a firm’s tax residence–through a novel algorithm that embeds the residency laws of 150 countries and the associated tie-breaking provisions. We reassign the tax residence of a considerable fraction of firms relative to standard assignments.
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