Taurine attenuates methamphetamine-induced autophagy and apoptosis in PC12 cells through mTOR signaling pathway

Abstract

Methamphetamine (METH), a commonly abused psychostimulant, has been shown to induce neuronal damage by causing reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, apoptosis and autophagy. Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is involved in several physiological actions in the brain, including neuroprotection, osmoregulation and neurotransmission. In this study, we investigate the protective effect of taurine against METH-induced neurotoxicity in PC12 cells and the underlying mechanism. The results showed that taurine significantly increased the cell viability inhibited by METH. LC3-II expression was elevated by METH treatment, whereas such increase was obviously attenuated by taurine. Co-treatment of taurine strongly reversed the decline of antioxidase activities induced by METH. Moreover, phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR) was significantly inhibited by METH, whereas complementation of taurine markedly increased the expression of p-mTOR in PC12 cells, rather than phosphorylated Erk. Interestingly, taurine-induced decreasing expression of LC3-II was partially blocked by pretreatment of RAD001, an mTOR inhibitor. These results indicated that taurine inhibits METH-induced autophagic process through activating mTOR rather than Erk signaling. Collectively, our study shows that taurine protects METH-induced PC12 cells damage by attenuating ROS production, apoptosis and autophagy, at least in part, via mTOR signaling pathway.