État nutritionnel des patients hémodialysés chroniques au CHU de Tengandogo, Ouagadougou

Abstract

IntroductionProtein energy wasting in hemodialysis is a factor of morbidity and mortality. Its prevalence varies from 15 to 75%. The aim of our study was to evaluate the nutritional profile of chronic hemodialysis patients and the risk factors associated at Tengandogo University Hospital in Ouagadougou. Patients and methodsThis was a descriptive cross-sectional study from August 1st, 2018 to July 31st, 2019. Nutritional status was assessed according to various indicators. The Student T-test was used to compare the means and the Pearson coefficient for the correlations. ResultsWe included 47 patients. The mean age was 44.76±15.5 years. The prevalence of undernutrition varies from 17 to 70.2% according to the indicator. A correlation between various indicators of undernutrition was found with four risk factors. First, was insufficient protein intake: the normalised protein catabolic rate (nPCR) was correlated with brachial circumference (r=0.247, P=0.044) and total cholesterolemia (r=0.287, P=0.020). Second, was inflammation with a C-reactive protein inversely correlated with nPCR (r=−0.295, P=0.044). Third, was inadequate dialysis dose with a Kt/V correlated with albuminemia (r=0.477, P=0.001). And fourth, was the residual diuresis which was correlated with BMI (r=−0.482, P=0.000). Obesity was present in 4.2% of cases. The mortality rate, 10.6% per year, was not associated with nutritional status. ConclusionProtein energy malnutrition is a common problem in hemodialysis requiring improvement of the dialysis program.