Abstract
Homeostatic regulation of the balanced chemical composition of the mucosal lining fluid requires appropriate monitoring. Very recently, we have identified a novel epithelium-mediated mechanism for detection of potentially harmful substances that operates in addition to pattern recognition receptors and TLRs. Specialized airway epithelial cells, called brush cells, were identified to be cholinergic. They utilize molecular components of the canonical bitter (dangerous substances, bacterial products) taste transduction cascade as known from the tongue taste buds such as the G-protein -gustducin, phospholipase C beta 2 (PLC2), transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 5 (TRPM5), and the G-protein coupled taste receptors Tas1R and Tas2R families.
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