Task Offloading in Multi-Access Edge Computing Enabled UAV-Aided Emergency Response Operations

Abstract

In emergency response operations, using uncrewed aerial vehicles (UAVs) has recently become a promising solution due to their flexibility and easy deployment. However, tasks performed by the UAVs, e.g., object detection and human pose recognition, usually require a high computation capacity and energy supply. Furthermore, offloading tasks to the edge server-equipped base stations may not always be possible because of a lack of infrastructure or distance. Therefore, UAV-aided edge servers can be deployed near UAV scouts to provide computing services. However, a UAV can not perform all types of tasks since it has limitations on memory, available software, central processing unit (CPU), and graphics processing unit (GPU) capacity. Therefore, this study focuses on task offloading (TO), power, and computation resource allocation (PRA) problems in a multi-layer MEC-enabled UAV network while taking into account CPU and GPU requirements of tasks, the capacity of the devices (i.e., computational resources, power, and energy), and limitations on the type of tasks a UAVs can perform. The problem is formulated as a non-convex mixed-integer nonlinear problem to minimize the weighted sum of the maximum energy consumption ratio in the network and total task execution latency ratio, and then decomposed and converted into an integer and a convex problem. A messy genetic algorithm (mGA)-based TO and PRA strategy (mGA-TPR) is proposed to solve the problem, where two PRA strategies are based on the Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions used to solve the PRA problem. Simulation results verify that the proposed scheme can outperform the baseline methods.