Tasavvufun Oluşumunda Sünnetin Etkisi

Abstract

There are various schools formed in the process of ascetic life and formation of sufism on the basis of the scientific and institutionalization process of Sufism. When we examine the ascetic life, the change of Muslims’ sunnah perception and the shift towards secularization affect the orientation to an ascetic life. The spread of Islam with the conquests, the expansion of the lands to be ruled, the effects of different societies and cultures have pulled the structure of religious thought and practice in this process to different directions. The idea that this secular change on human’s belief, spiritual world and contact with Allah, caused to gain a much different dimension than Islam experienced in the time of Muhammad Prophet (pbuh). Due to this change and development in life, different interpretations and practices have emerged in the perception of sunnah. When we look at the schools of Sufism, it is possible to say that although different concepts and methods are included, it is based on the Qur’an and Sunnah. The main basis of many schools and concepts such as Karhi’s emphasis on futuwwa, Bistami’s understanding of ingenuity, Muhasibi’s self-accounting shows the importance of the Sunnah perception in Sufism. While the basis of the zuhd period, which is called the beginning period of Sufism, is the religious understanding and life of the companions and the religious leaders who came after them, the basis of the Qur’an and Sunnah is the main source of the Prophet. The prophet’s spiritual life, his heartland education, and the importance and care gives to the innate aspect of religion lie ahead of secularization. The lifestyle shown by our Prophet (pbuh) as a servant prophet will clarify the perception of sunnah in the formation of Sufism. The perception of sunnah of Sufi schools will be discussed from different perspectives and will give us the keys to the science of Sufism through topics and concepts. When we consider the period of asceticism and the process of Sufi schools, it is necessary to evaluate the central perception in the formation of Sufism within the framework of the sunnah axis. The differentiation in the perception of circumcision and the formation of experiential differences cause diversity in the concepts of Sufism and create a rich field of application. As the beginning process of Sufism or the period of awareness, the life of Hz. Prophet is taken as a basis, the basis of the formation of institutional structures will be understood more clearly by considering the interpretation and application of Hadith-i Sharifs in the axis of the Qur’an. When the effect of circumcision in the formation of Sufism is evaluated in parallel with the perception of circumcision of Sufi schools, the main source can be seen much more clearly. It is the backbone of the subject is that the mystical thoughts and views of prominent Sufi pioneers and to deal with their scientific processes through the perception of Sunnah. Maruf-i Karhi’s understanding of futuwwa and the importance he gave to work, the concepts of sakr, annihilation and ingenuity in Bayazid-i Bistami’s understanding of sufism, the view and school developed by Haris al-Muhasibi in the direction of self-accounting, Sari as-Sakati’s science and understanding of conversation, the understanding of love, Hamdun al-Kassâr’s thought of self-blame, the sufi school shaped by Ebu Said al-Harrâz on the axis of annihilation, permanence and knowledge, Ebu’l Huseyin en-Nuri’s understanding of isâr that will set an example for all Muslims, and finally Cunayd-i Bagdadi’s sufistic thought system with the axis of righteousness and prudence is the main people and concepts that will examine the influence of sunnah in the formation of Sufism. In this article, in order to conceptually and practically address the understanding of sunnah, which is the basis of Sufi sects, we include the perception of sunnah, the parallelism of the understanding of sunnah and asceticism, the formation of the period of asceticism and the return of people to their spiritual and inner journey, the perception of sunnah that prioritizes the spiritual dimension of religion by getting away from the world. We will try to convey it together with hadith sharifs and Sufis’ words. We will explain the subject by talking about the content and systematics of the sects in the formation process of Sufism.