Tasas de abstinencia de vareniclina frente a bupropión y terapia sustitutiva con nicotina en la cesación del tabaco en atención primaria

Abstract

Objective The objective of this study was to estimate the continuous abstinence rates of varenicline, bupropion and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in smoking cessation in 2 Primary Care (PC) External Support Units. Design Observational, multicentre, longitudinal study using a retrospective review of medical records. Setting Six Primary Care Centres. Participants Patients > 18 years, who began smoking cessation treatment between 1/01/2006 and 1/12/2008 with varenicline, bupropion or NRT were included in the analysis. Continuation Patient follow-up was conducted from time-baseline (day 1) and assessed at 6 and 12 months. Main variables: comorbidities, effectiveness (continuous abstinence) and pharmacological tolerability. Statistical analysis: logistic regression models and Kaplan-Maier survival curves; P < .05. Results A total of 957 smokers treated with NRT (53.0%), bupropion (25.1%) and varenicline (21.9%) were included in the analysis. Mean age: 47.6 (11.3) years; 58.6% men. 32.0% of smokers attended due to physical dependence. Average duration of smoking: 19.5 (6.7) years. At 6 months, 61.2% (95% CI: 54.6-67.8%) of participants in the varenicline group continuously abstained from smoking compared with 56.9% (95% CI: 50.6-63.2%) in the bupropion group, and 52.3% (95% CI: 48.0-56.6%) in the NRT group; P = .003. At 12 months, the rate of continuous abstinence was 57.4% (95% CI: 50.7-64.1%) in the varenicline group compared with 52.9% (95% CI: 46.6-59.2%) in the bupropion group and 47.1% (95% CI: 42.8-51.4%) in the NRT group; P = .002. Conclusion One year-follow up results suggest that varenicline is an appropriate alternative compared with bupropion and NRT on smoking cessation in the PC setting.