Tartaric Acid-Modified Holarrhena antidysenterica and Citrullus colocynthis Biowaste for Efficient Eradication of Crystal Violet Dye from Water

Sumaira Basharat,Rabia Rehman,Tariq Mahmud,Sara Basharat,Liviu Mitu,Hassan Arida

doi:10.1155/2020/8862167

Sumaira Basharat, Rabia Rehman + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8862167

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Abstract

Two novel adsorbents Holarrhena antidysenterica (HA) and Citrullus colocynthis (CC) were collected from native Pakistan and treated with tartaric acid. The adsorbents were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy, and their adsorptive behavior was studied against model cationic dye crystal violet (CV). Role of biosorbent dose, time of contact, temperature studies, agitation rates, and solution pH was investigated. Optimum conditions obtained for the removal of CV dye for H. antidysenterica-tartaric acid modified (HA-TA) were as follows: 0.8 g adsorbent dose, 35 minutes contact time, 5.0 pH, 40°C temperature, and 150 rpm agitation rates as compared to H. antidysenterica that gave 1.4 g adsorbent dose, 40 minutes time of contact, 6.0 pH, 50°C temperature, and 150 rpm agitation speed. C. colocynthis-tartaric acid modified (CC-TA) removed CV dye at 0.6 g adsorbent dose, 30 minutes contact interval, 4.0 pH, 40°C temperature, and 125 rpm agitation speed in contrast to C. colocynthis which gave 0.8 g adsorbent dose, 40 minutes time of contact, 6.0 pH, 50°C temperature, and 125 rpm agitation speed, respectively. Isothermal studies for both raw and modified biosorbents were compliant with the Langmuir model indicating monolayer, chemisorption. The maximum Langmuir capacities were up to 128.20 mg/g, 136.98 mg/g, 144.92 mg/g, and 166.66 mg/g for HA, CC, HA-TA, and CC-TA. Pseudo-second-order kinetic model well fitted the dye removal data. The rate-determining steps involved both surface and intraparticle diffusion mechanisms. Adsorption of dye molecules on active surfaces was governed by electrostatic attractions and chelating abilities. Thermodynamics research revealed the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the reaction. The adsorbents serve promising candidates for the effective removal of hazardous dyes from aqueous solutions.

Highlights

Environment around us is constantly being damaged, due to the incessant release of waste substances, even at minute amounts
They are difficult to degrade and biological entities suffer severe damage due to their structure, such as high mitotic index and chromosomal and nuclear aberrations [5,6,7,8,9]. us, the treatment of wastewaters has been major concerns for centuries. Traditional approaches such as coagulation, sedimentation, ion-exchange, flocculation, reverse osmosis, electrochemical operation, and biological treatments [10] have the delimitations of high energy consumption, expensive equipment, incomplete ion removal, and toxic sludge production [11], and none of them provide complete color removal from wastewater, so constant efforts are made in continuation of the newest approach [12]
FTIR spectra for the crystal violet (CV) dye adsorption on untreated Holarrhena antidysenterica (HA) (Figure 2(a)) were obtained, and it ensures the dominance of hydroxyl groups along with carboxylic moieties, on the sites of adsorbent. e peaks at 3904.4 cm−1 to 3482.5 cm−1 are responsible for the presence of –OH, physically adsorbed water molecules [54]

Summary

Introduction

Environment around us is constantly being damaged, due to the incessant release of waste substances, even at minute amounts. E study was done for the adsorptive removal of CV dye on raw and tartaric acid-treated adsorbents and observed the adsorption decreases along with the increase in temperature, indicating the process might be an exothermic one.

Results

Conclusion