Abstract
Most systemic treatments to prevent or treat restenosis and vein graft disease have not successfully translated into clinical practice, despite being effective in preventing events in animal models. An alternative to systemic delivery is to deliver the treatment locally. Targeted delivery of drugs, genes, cells, or toxins to an appropriate target or multiple targets offers us a means to eliminate many of the complications associated with the systemic delivery of agents. The use of targeted delivery systems increases local concentrations for prolonged periods while sparing non-target tissues, leading to a reduction in overall toxicity. Targeted delivery can also increase the therapy’s half-life, residence time, activity, and bioavailability, while decreasing cost, side effects, and systemic complications. Local delivery can also eliminate the difficulties in establishing dosing regimens and ensuring patient compliance, but more research is required to investigate new delivery techniques and devices. The use of target-delivered inorganic nanoparticles in the delivery of active agents is an exciting potential solution in the prevention of neointimal formation, vein graft disease, and restenosis.
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