Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has still got a high mortality rate. A large number of patients will be diagnosed at an advanced stage with no curative option. This disease is characterized by its heterogeneity and alterations in multiple molecular pathways throughout its development. Predictive mutations such as RAS or mismatch repair gene deficiency (MMR-d) are routinely tested for treatment strategies and prognostic calculation. Nevertheless, there is a high clinical demand for reliable and powerful prognostic markers identifying a “high-risk” population of CRC patients who will benefit from adjuvant therapy. Moreover, tools like biomarker evaluation for treatment guidance have moved into the spotlight. This narrative review will highlight the current clinically relevant molecular markers of CRC as well as the relevance of tools, e.g., circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), that could become indispensable in the coming years.
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