Abstract
BackgroundSilibinin, as a chemopreventive agent, has shown anti-cancer efficacy against different types of cancers. In the present study, we investigated the anti-cancer activities of silibinin on CT26 mouse colon cell line.MethodsCT26 cells were treated with different concentrations of silibinin. To examine the cytotoxic effect of silibinin on proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, angiogenesis, and migration, MTT, colony-forming assay, Annexin V/PI flow cytometry, RT-qPCR, and Scratch assay were used.ResultsSilibinin was found to significantly reduce CT26 cells survival. Furthermore, silibinin strongly induced apoptosis and autophagy by up-regulating the expression of Bax, Caspase-3, Atg5, Atg7 and BECN1 and down-regulating Bcl-2. Silibinin considerably down-regulated the expression of COX-2, HIF-1α, VEGF, Ang-2, and Ang-4 as well as the expression of MMP-2, MMP-9, CCR-2 and CXCR-4.ConclusionsThe present study revealed that silibinin shows anticancer activities by targeting proliferation, cell survival, angiogenesis, and migration of CT26 cells.
Highlights
The transformation of human normal cells into malignant tumors is a multistep process, called carcinogenesis, which requires the accumulation of a variety of genetic and epigenetic aberrations
We investigated the anti-cancer efficacy of Silibinin on cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and autophagy of CT26 colorectal cancer cell line to lay the foundation for further preclinical studies in a mouse model
Silibinin decreases the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis As angiogenesis is one of the main hallmarks of cancer progression, in this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-angiogenic effect silibinin in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells
Summary
The transformation of human normal cells into malignant tumors is a multistep process, called carcinogenesis, which requires the accumulation of a variety of genetic and epigenetic aberrations. These hallmarks of cancer include the (i) constant proliferation of tumor cells, (ii) resistance to cell death, (iii) induction of angiogenesisand activation of invasion and (iv) metastasis [1]. Sameri et al BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2021) 21:160 other therapeutic approaches with fewer possible side effects is called for. One of such approaches is chemoprevention [4]. We investigated the anti-cancer activities of silibinin on CT26 mouse colon cell line
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