Abstract
The brain targeting drug delivery system is the technique and process to deliver the drug into brain or central nerves system (CNS). The main problem arise during brain targeting in case of several brain related diseases and disorders such as CNS malignancy, brain abscess, multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia etc. selective and limiting permeation nature of barriers i.e. blood brain barrier (BBB) and blood cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSF), these two barriers only allow highly lipophilic molecule enters into brain and is one of the greatest clinical impediment of treatment of brain and CNS diseases and disorders. To treated this type of diseases and disorders drugs are targeted into brain and drug must be cross these two barriers they’re by different types of approaches are used to delivered drug molecules.Aim of research. The main aim of this review paper is to compile all the approaches, strategies and techniques used for brain targeted drug delivery in a single paper/ article.Material and method. To prepare this manuscript, various keywords were searched in different engines such as Google, Yahoo and Bing etc. The available information in public domain was collected and classified according to brain drug delivery system. This review deals with approaches and current strategies used to enhance the brain targeted drug delivery system. The approaches for brain targeting – invasive, non- invasive and miscellaneous techniques, by using these approaches enhance the drugs delivery and drugs are easily across BBB and BCSF.Result. The different type of approaches and strategies used to enhance the drug delivery into brain and CNS. All these techniques described in this paper are applied for overcoming the problems that arises during treatment of brain related diseases. This review paper has a list of different types of models (In-vitro and In-vivo) used in study of brain and CNS drug delivery.Conclusions. Drug delivery to brain for treating a various diseases and disorders are very difficult and challenging because the delivery of drug molecules must be pass through the BBB and BCSF. Overcome this difficulties and challenges certain approaches and technique such as invasive, non-invasive, intranasal delivery of drug, ocular delivery of drug and focused ultrasound technique are used to brain targeting. They are help to penetrate the drug molecule through BBB and CSF very easily and enhance the efficacy of treatment. This review article covered current approaches and strategies of brain targeting drug delivery in past five to ten years. These approaches and strategies are used to the brain delivery of drug, proteins, peptides, amino acids, etc.
Highlights
The brain targeted drug delivery system is the process of passing active drug molecules across the blood brain barrier (BBB) and blood cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) [1], for the purpose of targeting brain disease and disorders like central nerves system (CNS) disorder, CNS malignancy and various brain disorders as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, brain abscess, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, sleeping sickness [1,2,3]
Blood brain barrier The BBB is an almost resistant, highly demanded and energetic specialize barrier system of capillary endothelial cells that defends the brain against organisms and unwanted and harmful substances [8, 4]
Two methods have been designated to actively improve drug delivered to the brain after systemic administration: either an introductory of the neuroprotective BBB by osmotic imbalance and ultrasound or
Summary
The brain targeted drug delivery system is the process of passing active drug molecules across the blood brain barrier (BBB) and blood cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) [1], for the purpose of targeting brain disease and disorders like CNS disorder, CNS malignancy and various brain disorders as Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, brain abscess, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, sleeping sickness (late-stage neurological trypanosomiasis) [1,2,3]. BBB and BCSFB control transfer of molecules among the blood, brain parenchyma and CSF They help in transporting water and lipid soluble substances from blood circulation into CNS [5]. Blood brain barrier The BBB is an almost resistant, highly demanded and energetic specialize barrier system of capillary endothelial cells that defends the brain against organisms and unwanted and harmful substances [8, 4]. It consists of capillary endothelial cell which are connected with each other by continuous tight intercellular junction [6]. Physiological factors affecting drug delivery to CNS [14] – passive diffusion; – carrier-mediated (active) transport; – amino acid transporters;. – glucose transporters; – monocarboxylic acid transporter; – peptide transport systems; – vesicular transport; – transferrin; – insulin
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