Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a potentially fatal vascular disease that involves complex multifactorial hemodynamic, thrombotic, inflammatory, and aortic wall remodeling processes. However, its mechanisms are incompletely understood. It has become increasingly clear that platelets are involved in pathological processes of vascular diseases beyond their role in hemostasis and thrombosis. Platelet activation with membrane receptors and secreted mediators promotes thrombus formation and the accumulation of inflammatory cells, which may play an important role in the development of AAA by destroying the structural integrity and stability of the vessel wall. Turbulent blood flow in aortic aneurysms promotes platelet activation and aggregation. Platelet count and heterogeneity are important predictive, diagnostic, and prognostic indicators of AAA. We summarize the relationship between platelet activation and AAA development and propose future research directions and possible clinical applications.
Highlights
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is defined as permanent dilatation of the abdominal aorta, which most commonly occurs in the infrarenal region in humans
We focus on basic research and clinical trials that are relevant to the role of platelet activation and its receptors and mediators in the formation and development of AAA, the effects of AAA on platelet activation, and clinical applications that are related to platelets in AAA
We evaluated the full texts in detail, all original articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses identifying relevant abdominal aortic aneurysm in platelet activation were accepted
Summary
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is defined as permanent dilatation of the abdominal aorta, which most commonly occurs in the infrarenal region in humans. It can have an asymptomatic occurrence, progressive dilation is associated with aortic dissection and rupture [1]. A population ultrasound screening study reported that the prevalence of AAA is 4–8% in males and 0.5–1.5% in females over the age of 65 [2]. The current clinical management of AAA focuses on identifying aneurysms while they are asymptomatic and treating them by endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) or open surgery. Despite improvements in screening and surgical management, the mortality rates of AAA remain high [3]. A better understanding of AAA development and the emergence of complications is necessary to discover new therapeutic targets
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