Abstract
The increase in life expectancy is one of the highest accomplishments of humankind. Yet, this situation is also one of the most challenging public health issues. Despite the inevitable advancement of biological age, the deterioration of physiological homeostasis is variable and a better knowledge of the molecular mechanisms behind the complexity of the ageing process is a main priority of present societies. As with other organs, ageing induces a significant decrement in the functional capabilities of the brain and the majority of the aged population are confronted with the co-occurrence of diverse brain disorders like neurodegenerative diseases. As substantiated in a vast body of evidence, mitochondria are powerful organelles that not only enable our existence but also the disruption of its function is theorized to have a causative role in physiological and pathological brain ageing. With a focus on mitochondria and associated oxidative stress, we review relevant literature on altered mitochondrial function in physiological and pathological brain ageing, namely in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. The outcomes of mitochondrial medicine targeted to directly manage mitochondrial and oxidative dyshomeostasis will also be discussed. Also, the efficacy of lifestyle modifications and pharmacological strategies will be reviewed as amenable interventions in brain ageing research.
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