Abstract
Targeting Hypoxic Tumor Microenvironment in Pancreatic Cancer: An Emerging Innovative Concept
Highlights
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents 90% of all pancreatic cancer (PC) cases [1] and almost 100% of PDAC contains KRAS mutation [2]
Lack of definitive early symptoms, absence of reliable biomarker and failure to understand PC biology combined with a complex PC tumor microenvironment (TME) slowed progress of therapeutics development to treat PC
One of the areas of PC biology that has been gaining a lot of attention of late is the extent of tumor hypoxia or lack of oxygen that is associated with PC progression
Summary
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents 90% of all PC cases [1] and almost 100% of PDAC contains KRAS mutation [2]. Therapeutic targeting of KRAS remains far from reality despite of our best efforts. While we made great strides in the treatment of many different solid tumors with immunotherapies, single-agent immunotherapies have failed to show significant clinical responses in PC [3,4,5]. Hypoxia is associated with many different cancers, including PC [6,7]. This begets the possibility of targeting hypoxia as an “Achilles heel” in PC TME and control PC progression
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