Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cancer in women globally after lung cancer. Presently, the most important approach for BC treatment consists of surgery, followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The latter therapeutic methods are often unsuccessful in the treatment of BC because of their various side effects and the damage incurred to healthy tissues and organs. Currently, numerous nanoparticles (NPs) have been identified and synthesized to selectively target BC cells without causing any impairments to the adjacent normal tissues or organs. Based on an exploratory study, this comprehensive review aims to provide information on engineered NPs and their payloads as promising tools in the treatment of BC. Therapeutic drugs or natural bioactive compounds generally incorporate engineered NPs of ideal sizes and shapes to enhance their solubility, circulatory half-life, and biodistribution, while reducing their side effects and immunogenicity. Furthermore, ligands such as peptides, antibodies, and nucleic acids on the surface of NPs precisely target BC cells. Studies on the synthesis of engineered NPs and their impact on BC were obtained from PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. This review provides insights on the importance of engineered NPs and their methodology for validation as a next-generation platform with preventive and therapeutic effects against BC.
Highlights
Breast cancer (BC) is the outcome of aberrant and uncontrolled cell proliferation of cancerous cells in the breast tissue
We provide insights into the novel design and development of engineered NPs and their payloads, which represent a tailored and promising tool for the treatment of BC
The treatment of NPs results in less complications and is auspicious in overwhelming multidrug resistance (MDR) in tumor cells, which is the main issue in BC therapy nowadays [77]
Summary
Breast cancer (BC) is the outcome of aberrant and uncontrolled cell proliferation of cancerous cells in the breast tissue. It typically involves radiation exposure to adjacent organs, increasing the risk of cardiac and lung diseases Such therapies may increase the risk of leukemia, especially in association with certain classes of adjuvant chemotherapy [4]. These therapeutic methods are often unsuccessful in treating BC because of their adverse effects on healthy tissues and organs [5,6]. It is necessary to discover highly efficient therapeutics (the so-called “magic bullets”) which can pass through natural barriers and differentiate between benign and malignant cells in order to target malignant tissues These agents “wisely” react to the complex tumor microenvironment for an on-demand discharge of an optimum dose range [9,10]. The tailoring of engineered NPs may have a vital role in cancer specificity, anti-drug resistance, and anti-cancerous and anti-metastasis effects
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