Targeting dyslipidemia with antioxidative vitamins C, D, and E; a systematic review of meta-analysis studies: Dyslipidemia and antioxidative vitamins.

Abstract

There is controversial evidence for the beneficial effects of antioxidative vitamins (vits) on dyslipidemia. In this regard, we aimed to systematically review all meta-analyses of trials on this topic. We comprehensively searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases until January 2021 to explore the published English meta-analyses of trials conducted to assess the effects of single or combined vits C, D and E consumption on lipid profile. The meta-analyses of observational, in vivo/in vitro, or case-report studies were excluded. Search results were reported based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) flowchart. Overall, 25 meta-analyses including 32,177 individuals with different underlying disorders met our inclusion criteria. Numerous studies had assessed supplementation with Vit-D or its combination with other agents on lipid profile. Consumption of 400IU/day (d) to 50,000IU/week (w) Vit-D for at least eight weeks improved the levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) in type 2 diabetes mellitus or polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) patients. This treatment reduced the levels of TC and TG in patients with chronic kidney disease. A significant increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels was only observed in coronary artery disease patients. Sole intake of 500-2000mg/d Vit-C for at least 3weeks improved LDL-C and TG values in hypercholesterolemic patients. Nevertheless, sole intake of Vit-E had controversial effects on lipid profile. The combination of 400-1800IU/d omega-3 free fatty acid (FFA) and 400IU/d Vit-E significantly reduced the levels of LDL-C and TG in overweight individuals, without any significant effect on other components. A significant improvement of TG values was observed after consumption of 1000-2000mg/d omega-3 FFA plus 400IU/d Vit-E along with 50,000IU/each 2w Vit-D for at least 6weeks in diabetic patients. The beneficial effects of antioxidative vitamins (C, D, E) or their combination with other agents on lipid profile varied based on their dosage, intake duration, and the health status of the individuals. The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40200-021-00919-8.