Abstract
Simple SummaryBreast cancer-related deaths are mainly due to the spread of cancer cells to distant organs (a process termed metastasis). CD82, also known as KAI1, is an established metastasis suppressor that has been documented to be lowly expressed in metastatic breast cancer. Hence, CD82 could possibly be a feasible molecular target for impeding metastases in breast cancer patients. Here, we propose a precision oncology-based model of preventing metastases by an appropriate selection of non-metastatic breast cancer patients with low CD82 expression. Potential therapeutic options for restoring CD82 levels that could be administered include the repurposing of existing chemotherapeutic drugs such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and etoposide, as well as the use of CD82 peptide mimics and non-coding RNA-based therapeutics.Metastasis is the main cause of mortality in breast cancer patients. There is an unmet need to develop therapies that can impede metastatic spread. Precision oncology has shown great promise for the treatment of cancers, as the therapeutic approach is tailored to a specific group of patients who are likely to benefit from the treatment, rather than the traditional approach of “one size fits all”. CD82, also known as KAI1, a glycoprotein belonging to the tetraspanin family and an established metastasis suppressor, could potentially be exploited to hinder metastases in breast cancer. This review explores the prospect of targeting CD82 as an innovative therapeutic approach in precision medicine for breast cancer patients, with the goal of preventing cancer progression and metastasis. Such an approach would entail the selection of a subset of breast cancer patients with low levels of CD82, and instituting an appropriate treatment scheme tailored towards restoring the levels of CD82 in this group of patients. Proposed precision treatment regimens include current modalities of treating breast cancer, in combination with either clinically approved drugs that could restore the levels of CD82, CD82 peptide mimics or non-coding RNA-based therapeutics.
Highlights
IntroductionThe efficacious treatment of early stage primary breast tumors and the prevention of metastatic spread, would significantly improve treatment outcome for breast cancer
CD82 was first reported as a potential marker for breast cancer metastasis by Yang et al [39], who demonstrated that the metastatic propensity of a variety of breast cancer cell lines was inversely correlated with CD82/KAIl mRNA expression
CD82 protein expression detected by immunohistochemical staining, was reported to be significantly associated with the axillary lymph node status and advanced tumor stage, but no correlation was observed with the hormonal receptor (HR) or Human Epidermal Growth Factor- 2 (HER-2) receptor status [44,45]
Summary
The efficacious treatment of early stage primary breast tumors and the prevention of metastatic spread, would significantly improve treatment outcome for breast cancer. The efficacious treatment of early stage primary breast tumors and 3the prevention of metastatic spread, would significantly improve treatment outcome for breast cancer patients. In this regard, the concept of a precision medicine model where a group of breast cancer patients are selected based on a metastasis-related which patients. Potential usage as aThis therapeutic strategy the distant spread of breast cancer usage as a therapeutic strategy in overcoming the distant spread of breast cancer cells
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