Abstract

The crux of targeted therapy is the inhibition, enhancement, correction, reversal, or negation of events to overcome pathological processes, by targeting features or entities specific to the pathology. Genomics has been a critical component of target identification, and has greatly amplified the impact and potential of targeted therapy. Incredibly, genomics has only scratched the surface of this endeavor. Today, progress is driven by pan-omics, integrating genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and metagenomics data using bioinformatics and system biology approaches. The advent of advanced “-omics” has provided the molecular foundation for the development of new-targeted therapeutics, including small molecules, biologicals, tools for genomic editing, and more. Targeted therapy is used to treat an array of diverse diseases, ranging from cancer and HIV to atherosclerosis and malaria. In this chapter, the essential aspects of targeted therapy are discussed, including many of the remarkable successes as well as some of the shortcomings. How “-omics” approaches have contributed to the evolution of targeted therapy and what can be expected in the future is also described. Keywords: targeted therapy; precision medicine; genomics; epigenomics; transcriptomics; metabolomics; proteomics; metagenomics; bioinformatics

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