Abstract
Lifestyle behaviors are believed to influence the body’s inflammatory state. Chronic low-grade inflammation contributes to the development of major non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Inflammation may thus be an important link between lifestyle and disease. We evaluated self-reported physical activity, tobacco use and alcohol consumption in relation to plasma levels of 160 validated inflammatory and cancer biomarkers. The study included 138 participants from a population-based cohort, all with repeated sampling of plasma and data ten years apart, allowing consideration of both intra- and inter-individual variation. Of 17 relationships identified, the strongest was an independent, positive association between cornulin (CRNN) and Swedish moist snuff (snus) use. We replicated the finding in a second cohort of 501 individuals, in which a dose-response relationship was also observed. Snus explained approximately one fifth of the variance in CRNN levels in both sample sets (18% and 23%). In conclusion, we identified a novel, independent, dose-dependent association between CRNN and snus use. Further study is warranted, to evaluate the performance of CRNN as a potential snus biomarker. The putative importance of lifestyle behaviors on a wide range of protein biomarkers illustrates the need for more personalized biomarker cut-offs.
Highlights
Chronic low-grade inflammation is an established pathological mechanism in the development of major non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer[1,2,3,4]
Obesity contributes to chronic, low-grade inflammation, and weight loss significantly increases IL-10 and decreases TNF-α and IL-621, but there is limited evidence as to whether this anti-inflammatory effect is a result of the physical activity or a consequence of weight loss and changes in body composition[15,16,17,20]
Using a unique collection of repeated samples from the prospective, population-based Västerbotten Intervention Programme (VIP) cohort, we evaluated the impact of self-reported lifestyle behaviors in relation to a large panel of inflammatory and cancer biomarkers
Summary
Chronic low-grade inflammation is an established pathological mechanism in the development of major non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer[1,2,3,4]. Obesity contributes to chronic, low-grade inflammation, and weight loss significantly increases IL-10 and decreases TNF-α and IL-621, but there is limited evidence as to whether this anti-inflammatory effect is a result of the physical activity or a consequence of weight loss and changes in body composition[15,16,17,20]. For established inflammatory markers, as summarized above, results have been conflicting Both lifestyle factors and genetic factors have recently been found to have a strong impact on numerous circulating biomarker levels[23]. Panels of biomarkers, such as inflammatory and disease markers, have potential importance for understanding disease etiology, and for use as risk-predictive, diagnostic, therapeutic response and prognostic markers, and as therapeutic targets. This requires a better understanding of how they are affected by parameters such as lifestyle behaviors
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