Abstract
Psidium is a genus of tropical bushes belonging to the Myrtaceae family distributed in Central and South America. The polar extract of Psidium friedrichsthalianum Nied. was partitioned with ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol, and the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity were measured by Folin-Ciocalteu and ABTS assays, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited both the highest phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Due to the complexity of this fraction, an analytical method for the comprehensive profiling of phenolic compounds was done by UPLC-ESI/QqQ in MRM (multiple reaction monitoring) mode. In this targeted analysis, 22 phenolic compounds were identified, among which several hydroxybenzoic, phenylacetic, and hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives were found. This is the first time that (+)-catechin, procyanidin B1, procyanidin B2, and (−)-epicatechin have been reported as constituents of sour guava. A fractionation by exclusion size, C18-column chromatography, and preparative RRLC (rapid resolution liquid chromatography) allowed us to confirm the presence of ellagic acid and isomeric procyanidins B, well-known bioactive compounds. The content of phenolic compounds in this fruit shows its potential for the development of functional foods.
Highlights
IntroductionThe specie most known, cultivated, and consumed worldwide is the common guava (Psidium guajava L.)
The genus Psidium, belonging to the Myrtaceae family, is native to the Caribbean
The major fraction was the aqueous, corresponding to 11.7% by weight of the fresh whole fruits. These fractions were submitted to Folin-Ciocalteu and ABTS assays in order to select those fractions exhibiting the highest values (Table 1). These results showed that the fraction with the highest content of phenolic compounds was the F.EtOAc fraction, and it was the fraction exhibiting the highest antioxidant activity under the ABTS assay
Summary
The specie most known, cultivated, and consumed worldwide is the common guava (Psidium guajava L.) This fruit is often included within the category of “superfruits”, because it exhibits antidiarrheal, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and hepatoprotective activities, among others. There are other species commonly named Cas guava or sour guava (Psidium friedrichsthalianum Nied.), whose fruits are attractive for their organoleptic properties [4], and they have not been extensively studied. The origin of this species is Central America, but nowadays it is cultivated in different tropical countries, such as Colombia, Brazil, and Ecuador. The phenolic-rich fraction showed inhibitory activity on IL-8 (interleukin-8) production and MMP-1 (matrix metalloproteinase-1) expression, with potent activity in both assays (100 μg/mL)
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