Abstract
Targeted genome engineering refers to technologies that are used for site-specific genome modifications such as knockout, knockin and transcriptional regulation of genes of interest in organisms. Site-specific recombination system, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein-9 nuclease (Cas9) (CRISPR/Cas9) technologies are the representatives of targeted genome engineering and have been widely used in crop basic and applied research. In this review, we introduce the basic information and action modes of these different genome engineering technologies, summarize the recent progresses of targeted genome engineering technologies and their applications in crop improvement, and propose perspectives for genome engineering-mediated modifications of crop plants in the future.
Highlights
Targeted genome engineering refers to technologies that are used for sitespecific genome modifications such as knockout, knockin and transcriptional regulation of genes of interest in organisms
Site-specific recombination system, zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein-9 nuclease (Cas9) (CRISPR/Cas9) technologies are the representatives of targeted genome engineering and have been widely used in crop basic and applied research
We introduce the basic information and action modes of these different genome engineering technologies, summarize the recent progresses of targeted genome engineering technologies and their applications in crop improvement, and propose perspectives for genome engineering-mediated modifications of crop plants in the future
Summary
It becomes an urgent task for current agricultural scientists to create novel crop varieties with better agronomic traits such as high yield and grain quality, high nutrient usage efficiency, and good acclimation capacity to abiotic and biotic stresses. Conventional breeding strategies such as genetic hybridization have been widely used for creation of new crop varieties and obtained tremendous successes for a long period, but these processes are commonly time-consuming and labor-intensive, being difficult to satisfy modern plant breeding objectives. We summarize recent progresses of targeted genome engineering and its application in genetical modifications of crop plants, and propose perspectives for future research on genome editing-based crop improvement
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