Target-controlled infusion during MitraClip procedures in deep-sedation with spontaneous breathing.

Abstract

Percutaneous mitral valve repair with the MitraClip system is an alternative procedure for high-risk patients not suitable for conventional surgery. The MitraClip can be safely performed under general anesthesia (GA) or deep sedation (DS) with spontaneous breathing using a combination of propofol and remifentanil. This study aimed to evaluate the benefits of target-controlled infusion (TCI) of remifentanil and administration of propofol during DS compared with manual administration of total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) medication during GA in patients undergoing MitraClip. We assessed the impact of these procedures in terms of remifentanil dose, hemodynamic profile, adverse events, and days of hospital stay after the process. From March 2013 to June 2015 (mean age 73.5 ± 9,54), patients underwent transcatheter MitraClip repair, 27 received DS via TCI and 27 GA with TIVA. Acute procedural success was 100%. DS-TCI group, in addition to a significant reduction of remifentanil dose administrated (249 µg vs. 2865, p < 0.01), resulted in a decrease in vasopressor drugs requirement for hemodynamic adjustments (29.6% vs. 63%, p = 0.03) during the procedure and a reduction of hypotension (p = 0.08). The duration of postoperative hospitalization did not differ between the two groups (5.4 days vs. 5.8 days, p = 0.4). Administration of remifentanil by TCI for DS in spontaneously breathing patients offers stable anesthesia conditions, with a lower amount of drugs, higher hemodynamic stability, and decreased side effects.